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Description
The legal system for juvenile defendants and offenders in the USA is a huge and complicated one, with laws, policies, treatment and rehabilitation programs, sentencing guidelines, and facilities that vary enormously depending on the circumstances and case in question. Socioeconomic, demographic, and racial factors further shape how juvenile defendants and offenders experience America's juvenile justice system.
What are the foundational laws, doctrines, and philosophies that guide the juvenile court system as it exists today? What are typical conditions and programs of a juvenile detention facility? How much more often do white and/or affluent minors receive lighter sentences than teens of color or less wealthy backgrounds for the same offenses? Who has advocated most effectively for reforms to the juvenile justice system at various points in the network, from the local police station to the courtroom to the juvenile detention facility? This book tackles all these questions in coverage that blends historical and topical overviews, personal essays, primary sources, a glossary of terms, and an annotated bibliography of sources for further study.
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Table of Contents
What is a Juvenile?
How has “Juvenile” Changed Over Time in the United States?
Who is Considered a “Juvenile? Under US Law?
What is Juvenile Delinquency?
What are Status Offenses?
Juvenile Delinquency Trends
Juvenile Justice Terminology and Process
Custody/Arrest
Complaint/Petition
Approved for Court
Diversion
Detention
Adjudication
Disposition
Placement
Transfer/Waiver
Juvenile Justice Over Time
Colonial Period (1607-1823)
House of Refuge Period (1824-1899)
Creation of the Juvenile Court and the Juvenile Court Period (1899-1960)
Juvenile Rights Period (1960-1980)
The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974
Crime Control Period (1980-2000)
The Current Period (2000-today)
Comparison of the Juvenile Court and Adult Criminal Court
Risk and Protective Factors for Juvenile Justice Involvement
Differential Offending and Differential Processing Frameworks
Legal Contributors to to Juvenile Justice Involvement
Extra-Legal Contributors to Juvenile Justice Involvement
Individual-level Contributors to Juvenile Justice Involvement
Family/Community-level Contributors to Juvenile Justice Involvement
Peer-level Contributors to Juvenile Justice Involvement
Education-level Contributors to Juvenile Justice Involvement
Protective Factors
Juvenile Justice Theories and Frameworks
Micro-level Theories
Mezzo-level Theories
Macro-level Theories
Differential Offending vs. Differential Processing Frameworks
2Problems, Controversies/Challenges, and Solutions
Introduction
Problems
Youth are not Being Treated nor Rehabilitated in the Juvenile Justice System
Youth are not Receiving Adequate Education in the Juvenile Justice System
The Juvenile Justice System Exacerbates Experiences of Neglect, Maltreatment, and Abuse
Collateral Consequences of Juvenile Justice System Involvement
Juvenile Justice Data Concerns
Controveries/Challenges
Age of Jurisdiction and Transfer
The School-to-Prison Pipeline
Racial and Ethnic Disparities
Solutions
Improve Juvenile Justice Data and Employ Evidence-Based, Best Practices
Use Positive Discipline Practices in Schools to Eliminate the School-to-Prison Pipeline
Establish a Federal Age of Minority at 12 Years-old and Majority at 21 Years-old
Expand Diversion Opportunities for First-Time and Low-Risk Offenders
Implement Wraparound Services to Improve Reentry Outcomes for Youth
3Perspectives
Introduction
Super Predators, Juvenile Lifers, or Condemned Children? Kemphis 'Ghani' Songster
School Engagement/Disengagement: A Mexicana Educada Perspective Diana Maruri
There's More Than Meets the Eye Tracy Fields
Stay Free, Focused, and Future-Minded Captain Craig 'Pete' Davis
Who's the Bigot in the Room? The Honorable Louis A. Trosch, Jr.
Advancing Youth Justice at the Federal Level Liz Ryan
4Profiles
Introduction
Individual Juvenile Justice Visionaries
Thomas Eddy and John Griscom
Senator Birch Bayh (1928-2019)
Thomas Grisso (1942-)
Elizabeth Scott (1950 - ) and Laurence Steinberg (1952 - )
Bryan Stevenson (1959 - )
Judge Steven C. Teske (1960 - )
Mark Kawika Patteron (1963 - )
The Central Park Five/The Exonerated Five
Antron McCray (1975 - )
Kevin Richardson (1974 - )
Yusef Salaam (1974 - )
Raymond Santana (1976 - )
Korey Wise (1972 - )
Francis “Frankie” Guzman (1980 - )
Xavier McElrath-Bey (1980 - )
Sabrina Catherine Abong (1997 - )
Organizations Currently Addressing Juvenile Justice
Court and Government Organizations
The National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ)
The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Research and Advocacy Organizations
Annie E. Casey Foundation
Campaign for the Fair Sentencing of Youth
Coalition for Juvenile Justice (CJJ)
The Gault Center (formerly NJDC - National Juvenile Defender Center)
Juvenile Law Center
National Center for Youth Law (NCYL)
National Youth Justice Network
Roca
The Sentencing Project
W. Haywood Burns Institute
Youth Advocate Programs, Inc.
5Primary Documents
Document 5.1: Health Group Statement of Support for Instituting a Minimum Age of Jurisdiction for Juvenile Justice Involvement
Document 5.2: 2020-21 Civil Rights Data Collection Student Discipline and
School Climate in U.S. Public Schools
Document 5.3: Are Our Children Being Pushed Into Prison?
Document 5.4: Youth Confinement: The Whole Pie
Document 5.5: Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551
6Resources
Books
Significant Juvenile Justice Reports
TED Talks
Organizations
Court and Government Organizations
Research and Advocacy Organizations
Online Resources and Data Tools
Online Sources for Court Decisions and Case Law
7Chronology
Glossary
Index
About the Author
Product details
| Published | 13 May 2027 |
|---|---|
| Format | Ebook (Epub & Mobi) |
| Edition | 1st |
| Pages | 288 |
| ISBN | 9798765189245 |
| Imprint | Bloomsbury Academic |
| Illustrations | 7 bw |
| Series | Contemporary World Issues |
| Publisher | Bloomsbury Publishing |
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