Introduction: Regulating Irregularity in Europe: A Repertoire of Policy Responses, Maegan Hendow (International Centre for Migration Policy Development, University for Continuing Education Krems, Austria) and Alan Desmond (University of Leicester, UK)

Part I: Regularisation to Toleration: Assessing inclusionary responses to irregularity
1. Ireland's 2022 Regularisation Scheme – A Best Practice Template? Alan Desmond and Ruth Heylin (University of Leicester, UK)
2. The Regulation of Irregular Immigration into Portugal: Paradoxes between Legislation and Practice, João Carvalho and Thais França (Instituto Universitário de Lisboa ISCTE, Portugal)
3. Addressing the Irregular Migration in Greece: Policies, Data and Outcomes, Marina Nikolova (Hellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy (ELIAMEP), Greece)
4. Restrictive and Selective Measures in Italy: Reproducing Migrant Irregularity, Maristella Cacciapaglia, Paola Bonizzoni and Maurizio Ambrosini (University of Milan, Italy)
5. Spain's Response to Irregular Migration: Strengths and Weaknesses of an Exceptional Case, Laura Cassain, Gabriel Echeverría and Claudia Finotelli (UCM, Spain)
6. Poland: Different Shades of Irregularity under Liberal Immigration Rules, Andrei Yeliseyeu, Katarzyna Rakowska and Agnieszka Fihel (University of Warsaw, Poland)

Part II: Exclusionary responses to irregularity: Geneses and persistent tensions
7. Finland: Policies and Practices Regarding Irregular Migration, Jussi S Jauhiainen (University of Turku, Finland)
8. Germany: How Populist Instrumentalisation of 'Irregular Migration' Impact German Migration Policy, Norbert Cyrus (Osnabrück University)
9. Policy and Polarisation: Irregular Migration in the UK Since 2010, Andrew Jolly (University of Oxford, UK)
10. Between Restriction and Demand: Labour Shortage and Migrant Irregularity in Austria, Lydia Rössl, Theresa Schütze and Albert Kraler (University for Continuing Education Krems, Austria)
11. Security First, Fairness Last? Belgium's Struggle with Irregular Migration Governance, Ahmad Wali Ahmad Yar, Anton Neronov, Tuba Bircan (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium)
12. The Netherlands: Multi-level Governance of Irregular Migration and Ongoing Challenges in Policy Implementation, Lalaine Siruno and Arjen Leerkes (University of Maastricht, the Netherlands)

Part III: From the outside looking in: Lessons for Europe
13. The Maghrebian Paradox of Irregular Migration Governance: Cases of Morocco and Tunisia, Abdeslam Badre (Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco)
14. Governing Irregular Migration in Türkiye: Legal Reforms, Institutional Consolidation and Border Securitisation, Samet Apaydin (University of Glasgow, UK and Sabanci University, Turkey)
15. When Policymakers Use Irregular Migration Data: Evidence from the MIrreM project, Denis Kierans (University of Oxford, UK) and Lalaine Siruno (University of Maastricht, the Netherlands)