Stuart Mackie is a UK Civil Servant who has just concluded a three-and-a-half year secondment from the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office to the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats in Helsinki. His previous roles have included the Head of Policy at the UK MOD’s internal think-tank and the lead for UK’s policy negotiations on hybrid threats in the European Union. He holds an MA in Defence Studies from King’s College London and is a Visiting Research Fellow at Reading University Department of Politics and International Relations.